(c) S.T.E.P.S. Publishing

1. WHAT IS TCP/IP PROTOCOL 1

1.1 AIMS 1

1.2 OVERVIEW 1

1.3 COMMONLY USED TCP/IP SUITE TERMINOLOGY 2

1.3.1 TCP 2

1.3.2 IP 2

1.3.3 UDP 2

1.3.4 ICMP 3

1.3.5 IGMP 3

1.4 ESSENTIAL NETWORKING CONCEPTS 3

1.4.1 PACKETS 3

1.4.2 FRAMES 3

1.4.3 TCP/IP PORTS AND SOCKETS 3

1. IP ADDRESS 4

2. TYPE OF SERVICE (TCP OR UDP) 4

3. PORT 4

1.5 THE MS TCP/IP PROPERTIES TAB 8

1.5.1 The IP Address Tab 8

1.5.2 The DNS Tab 10

1.5.3 The WINS Address Tab 10

1.5.4 The DHCP Relay Tab 11

1.5.5 The Routing Tab 11

2. WHY WOULD YOU NEED TCP/IP IN YOUR NETWORK 12

2.1 AIMS 12

2.2 OVERVIEW 12

3. IP ADDRESSING 13

3.1 AIMS 13

3.2 OVERVIEW 13

3.3 OVERVIEW OF ADDRESS CLASSES 14

3.3.1 Class A 14

3.3.2 Class B 14

3.3.3 Class C 15

3.3.4 Class D 15

3.3.5 Class E 15

3.4 GUIDELINES FOR NETWORK IDS 15

3.5 GUIDELINES FOR HOST IDS 16

4. IP ROUTING 17

4.1 AIMS 17

4.2 OVERVIEW 17

4.3 STATIC ROUTING 18

4.4 DYNAMIC ROUTING 18

4.4.1 The IP Routing Table 19

4.4.2 IP Routing Table Entry Types 20

4.4.3 The Route Determination Process 21

4.4.4 Routing Processes 22

4.5 SUMMARY OF IP ROUTING 25

5. SUBNETTING 26

5.1 AIMS 26

5.2 OVERVIEW 26

5.3 IMPORTANT TABLES FOR SUBNETTING 28

5.4 A SUBNET MASK TUTORIAL 30

5.4.1 Overview of Supernetting 31

6. TCP/IP COMMANDS & UTILITIES 32

6.1 AIMS 32

6.2 OVERVIEW 32

6.3 REXEC 32

6.4 RSH 33

6.5 RCP 33

6.6 TELNET 34

6.7 FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL) 35

6.7.1 Caution about FTP 35

6.7.2 Configuring FTP Services 35

6.7.3 Security & FTP in your Server 36

6.7.4 Logging FTP Connections 36

6.7.5 Using FTP 37

6.7.6 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 37

6.8 TCP/IP PRINTING 38

6.8.1 LPD 38

6.8.2 LPQ 38

6.8.3 TCP/IP Network Printing Support 38

6.8.4 Configuring a Printer on UNIX Host 39

6.8.5 Configuring for Network Interface Card 40

6.8.6 Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Printing for Windows NT Server 40

6.9 NETSTAT 44

6.10 NBTSTAT 44

6.11 PING 45

6.12 IPCONFIG 46

6.12.1 IPCONFIG 47

6.12.2 IPCONFIG /ALL 47

6.12.3 IPCONFIG /RELEASE 47

6.12.4 IPCONFIG /RENEW 48

6.12.5 WINIPCFG 48

6.13 ROUTE COMMAND 48

6.14 TRACERT 48

6.15 NETWORK MONITOR 49

6.16 PERFORMANCE MONITOR 50

6.17 PPP AND SLIP 51

6.18 QUIZ 51

7. NAME RESOLUTION 53

7.1 AIMS 53

7.2 OVERVIEW 53

7.3 RESOLVING NETBIOS NAMES 53

7.3.1 Cache 53

7.3.2 Server 54

7.3.3 Broadcast 54

7.3.4 LMHOSTS file 54

7.3.5 HOSTS File 54

7.3.6 DNS 54

7.4 THE ORDER OF NETBIOS NAME RESOLUTION 55

7.5 TCP/IP BROWSING 56

7.5.1 Master Browser 57

7.5.2 Domain Master Browser 57

7.5.3 Backup Browser 57

7.6 PHYSICAL ADDRESS RESOLUTION 58

7.7 ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL (ARP) 59

7.7.1 How Can ARP Determine Local Address? 59

7.7.2 How Can ARP Determine Remote Address? 60

7.8 HOST NAME RESOLUTION 60

7.8.1 Order of Host Name Resolution 60

8. DHCP 62

8.1 AIMS 62

8.2 OVERVIEW 62

8.3 INSTALLING DHCP 63

8.3.1 Setting up DHCP 64

8.4 SETTING UP THE TCP/IP PARAMETERS 65

8.5 DHCP RELAY AGENT 67

8.6 COMPACTING THE DHCP DATABASE 68

8.7 BACKING UP DHCP SERVER 69

8.8 RESTORING CORRUPTED DHCP DATABASE 69

8.9 COMPACTING THE DHCP DATABASE 70

8.10 DHCP DATABASE FILES 70

9. DNS 72

9.1 AIMS 72

9.2 OVERVIEW 72

9.3 RECURSIVE QUERIES 74

9.4 ITERATIVE QUERIES 74

9.5 PRIMARY NAME SERVER 75

9.6 SECONDARY NAME SERVER 75

9.7 MASTER NAME SERVER 75

9.8 CACHING ONLY NAME SERVERS 76

9.9 FORWARDERS AND SLAVES 76

9.10 PLANNING PHASE FOR DNS IN YOUR COMPANY 77

9.11 DNS MANAGER TOOL 78

9.12 ZONE TRANSFERS 83

9.13 INTEGRATING DNS AND WINS 84

9.14 DNS RECORD TYPES 85

10. WINS 86

10.1 AIMS 86

10.2 OVERVIEW 86

10.3 INSTALLING WINS. 88

10.4 ADDING PERMANENT ADDRESSES (STATIC MAPPINGS) 89

10.4.1 Unique 90

10.4.2 Group 90

10.4.3 Internet Group 90

10.4.4 Multihomed 90

10.5 CONFIGURING WINS SERVER REPLICATION 90

10.6 ADVANTAGES OF USING WINS SERVERS 91

10.7 LIMITATIONS OF WINS SERVERS 92

10.8 PLANNING A WINS IMPLEMENTATION 92

10.9 TYPES OF STATIC MAPPINGS 93

10.10 SCAVENGING THE WINS DATABASE 93

10.11 COMPACTING THE WINS DATABASE 94

10.12 BACKING UP THE WINS DATABASE 95

10.13 RESTORING A CORRUPT WINS DATABASE 95

11. HOSTS & LMHOST 97

11.1 AIMS 97

11.2 OVERVIEW 97

11.3 NOTES ON HOSTS 97

11.4 PROBLEMS WITH HOSTS USAGE 98

11.5 NOTES ON LMHOSTS 98

11.6 LMHOSTS. FILES VS WINS 99

12. SNMP 100

12.1 AIMS 100

12.2 OVERVIEW 100

? GET 100

? GET NEXT 100

? SET 100

12.3 COMMUNITIES 101

12.4 BASIC SNMP DEFINITIONS 101

12.4.1 Community 101

12.4.2 Trap 101

12.4.3 Management Information Base (MIB) 102

12.5 SNMP COMMANDS 102

13. TROUBLESHOOTING 104

13.1 AIMS 104

13.2 OVERVIEW 104

13.3 BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING 104

13.4 LAYERS OF TCP/IP BREAKDOWN 105

13.5 PINGING 105

13.6 IPCONFIG/ALL 106

13.6.1 Troubleshooting IP Address Resolution 106

13.7 CAUSES FOR POOR NETWORK PERFORMANCE 107

13.7.1 Factors That Affect Performance 107

13.7.2 Tuning Guidelines 108

13.8 QUIZ 109

13.9 ANSWERS TO QUIZ QUESTION 109